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Chemical Formula For Rubidium Nitride

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Cerium(III) nitrate
Cerium nitrate.jpg
Identifiers

CAS Number
  • 10108-73-3 (anhydrous)check Y
  • 10294-41-4 (hexahydrate)
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.257 Edit this at Wikidata

PubChem CID

  • 24948 (anhydrous)
  • 16211466 (hexahydrate)
UNII
  • 7U25VKD7PW (anhydrous)check Y
  • FL1R38JEBB (hexahydrate)check Y

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

  • DTXSID20881414 Edit this at Wikidata
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Chemical formula

 Ce(NO3)iii
Tooth mass 326.12 one thousand/mol
Appearance Colorless crystals (hexahydrate)
Density 2.38 g cm−iii

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard country (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

Chemic compound

Cerium nitrate refers to a family of nitrates of cerium in the +3 or +4 oxidation state. Oftentimes these compounds contain h2o, hydroxide, or hydronium ions in add-on to cerium and nitrate. Double nitrates of cerium also exist.

Cerium(3) nitrates [edit]

Cerium(III) nitrate crystal with Miller alphabetize notation

Anhydrous cerous nitrate, also called cerium(III) nitrate, is the anhydrous salt with the formula Ce(NO3)3.(CAS number 10108-73-3).

Cerium nitrate hexahydrate, with the formula Ce(NOthree)3.6H2O (CAS number 10294-41-4) is the most common nitrate of cerium(3). It is a component in a burn treatment foam that as well includes silver sulphadiazine. Concentrations used are 0.5 One thousand for the cerium nitrate. For very serious burns it reduces the death charge per unit.[one] [2] At 150 °C the hexahydrate loses water of crystallization to brand a trihydrate, which itself decomposes to a higher place 200 °C.[3] Cerous nitrate hexahydrate has pinacoidal triclinic crystals.[iv]

Hydronium cerium(III) nitrate hydrate, Ce(NO3)5(H3O)two.H2O[5] It is monoclinic with space group Pii/c.[5] The diaquapentanitratocerate(III) anion (Ce(NO3)5(H2O)2)ii− occurs in several salts. The salts have extreme non-linear optical properties.[vi]

Cerium(IV) nitrates [edit]

Cerium tetranitrate pentahydrate is prepared by evaporating a solution of ceric nitrate in full-bodied nitric acrid. It forms orthorhombic crystals with bipyramidal shape. The common crystal face Miller index is {111}, But it can take smaller faces with Miller alphabetize {010} and {110}. The density is 2.403 one thousand/cm3. Its optical backdrop are that information technology is biaxial with 2V of 34°, and strongly dispersive. On its B and C axes it appears yellowish, but orange red on the A axis.[seven]

Ceric nitrate is quite soluble in non polar solvents such as ethyl ether. Ether will excerpt the cerium nitrate from 5N nitric acid.[eight] In nitric acid, nitrato ceric acrid[9] (Htwo[Ce(NOiii)half dozen] and H[Ce(NO3)v.H2O]) are present. The solubility of this nitrate in non-polar solvents allows the separation of cerium from other rare earths.[8]

Basic cerium(IV) nitrate has the formula Ce(NO3)three.OH.3H2O. It also forms upon evaporation of solutions of cerium(Iv) in nitric acrid.[ten] When this meets ammonia in water solution information technology reacts to grade ceric ammonium nitrate and ceric hydroxide.[ten]

Bones dicerium nitrate has the formula Ce2O(NOthree)6(H2O)half-dozen·2H2O. Again it crystallizes from solutions of cerium(Iv) in nitric acid. Information technology crystallises as monoclinic crystals with space group P2anelc with unit cell dimensions a=8.723 Å b=viii.940 Å c=13.981 Å, β = 94.91°. Each unit jail cell contains 2 formula units Ce2O(NOiii)half-dozen(H2O)3 and Ce2O(NO3)6 form when this basic nitrate is heated slowly to 180 °C in a vacuum.[eleven]

Ammonium and alkali metallic cerium nitrates [edit]

The diaquapentanitratocerate(III) anion (Ce(NO3)5(H2O)2)2− occurs in several salts. The salts have extreme non-linear optical properties.[half dozen]

M2Ce(NO3)5 [12] crystals can be grown by evaporating a solution of potassium nitrate, cerous nitrate, and nitric acid. Each cerium cantlet is surrounded by the oxygen atoms of five bidentate nitrate groups and two water oxygen atoms.[6] It can be grown into optical quality crystals of around 100 cmiii in 12 weeks.[6] Crystals are colourless.[vi] The infinite grouping of the crystal is Fdd2 and their grade is orthorhombic.[vi] Potassium cerium nitrate was probably discovered by L. Th. Lange in 1861.[13] Even so it was but properly described in 1894 by Fock.[14] [fifteen] Even and so the amount of water in the substance was wrong and it took till 1911 when Jantsch & Wigdorow correctly stated that there were two water molecules.[16] The not-linear optical effects were found in 1993. For optical applications it is known as KCN.[17]

Diammonium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate.[16] [18] Its Raman spectrum has been published.[nineteen] It is quite soluble in water with 100 ml dissolving 235 grams at 9 °C and 817 grams at 65°.[xx]

  • dirubidium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate.[16]
  • dicaesium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate, or caesium cerous nitrate Cs2Ce(NO3)5.2H2O forms monoclinic crystals with crystal parameters a/b=1.2052, c/b=0.9816 and β = 103°41'.[20]
  • dithallium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate.[16]
  • Bis{iv-[(4H-one,2,4-triazol-four-yl)iminomethyl]pyridinium} diaquapentanitratocerate. (C8HeightNorth5)two[Ce(NOiii)five(H2O)2] is monoclinic with space group Ctwo/c.[21]
name formula melt density a b c β° Vol Z
dipotassium diaquapentanitratocerate KtwoCe(NOthree)5·2 H2O 2.543 11.263 21.404 12.230 90 2948 8[six]
dipotassium hexanitratocerate[22] GtwoCe(NO3)6
tripotassium dicerium(III) nitrate[22] K3Ce2(NO3)9 2.525 13.597 thirteen.597 13.597 ninety 2514 4
diammonium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·four HiiO ii.128 xi.09 viii.936 17.96 101.77 1743[23] [18] 4
dirubidium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate Rb2Ce(NO3)v·4 H2O 70° 2.497 xi.050 8.977 17.859 100.88[24]
dicaesium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate ? Cs2Ce(NO3)5·4 HtwoO
dithallium diaquapentanitratocerate dihydrate ? TliiCe(NO3)5·four HtwoO 64.5° three.326
Bis{4-[(4H-ane,2,four-triazol-iv-yl)iminomethyl]pyridinium} diaquapentanitratocerate (C8H8Nfive)2[Ce(NOthree)five(H2O)ii] 10.322 sixteen.126 17.575 100.107 2883.two 4
1,10-Phenanthroline-H diaquapentanitratocerate HPhentwo[Ce(NO3)v(H2O)2] 1.83 vii.5534 8.083 25.8377 89.947 β=89.937 γ=86.981 1572.94 2[25]
Hydronium Cerium (Iii) Nitrate Hydrate Ce(NO3)5(H3O)2·H2O 21.36 7.899 15.133 91.02 viii

Divalent double nitrates [edit]

Cerous magnesium nitrate is the kickoff discovered member of a divalent series CeM(Ii)(NOiii)five. This has an extremely low Kapitza resistance to liquid 3He. At the time of discovery it value was only one% of the previous record holder. Depression thermal resistance is important at temperatures beneath 1K, because there is not much temperature divergence to cause a large rut menses rate, and cooling tin can take an excessive fourth dimension if there are barriers to estrus transfer.[26] [27]

Other cerous double nitrates [edit]

Cerous sodium nitrate monohydrate, NatwoCe(NO3)v.HtwoO has density 2.641 g/cm3. It can exist fabricated by boiling the stoichiometric mixture of cerous nitrate, and sodium nitrate in nitric acid, and then evaporating at twoscore °C. The crystals are articulate rod shaped monoclinic with space group P2/c. Crystal prison cell sizes are a=21.387 b=7.9328 c=15.184 β=90.657 5=2576 formulas per cell Z=8. The way the components are arranged in the crystal is that there are six nitrates around each cerium atom, however to get to the average of v per cerium, 2 nitrate groups on each, link the atoms into a chain along the an axis.[28]

At that place are anhydrous double nitrates such as Ce2Rb3(NO3)nine and CeiiThousandiii(NO3)9.[29] The potassium salt, Ce2K3(NO3)9 can be made past using the water solution of potassium nitrate and cerous nitrate in 3:ii tooth ratio, evaporated at xl °C. The crystals are colourless cubic from infinite group P4132. Its formula weight is 955.6. 3 formulas be in each unit cell which at 20 °C, has a book of 2514.one Å3 and prison cell side of a=13.597 Å. The density is 2.525 g/cm3. In this compound each cerium atoms is surrounded past twelve oxygen atoms from six nitrate groups. Three of the nitrates form a bridge in each of three dimensions. These bridges form iii spirals each at xc° to each other along the crystal axes.[22]

A related series with ratio one.5 of the monovalent ion to cerium includes 2Ce(NOthree)3.three(NHfour)NO3.12HtwoO[20]

A mixed caesium, sodium cerium triple nitrate Cs2NaCe(NOiii)6 crystallizes in the cubic arrangement. The unit cell size is 1.1196 nm with book of ane.4034 nm3 and four molecules per cell.[thirty]

Ceric double nitrates [edit]

Diammonium cerium(IV) nitrate

The alkali metals form orangish-ruddy monoclinic crystals as a double salt with ceric nitrate: 1000
2 [Ce(NO
3 )
6 ] with M=K, Rb, Cs, or [NH4].[ten]

  • Ceric ammonium nitrate contains the icosahedral shaped ion [Ce(NO
    three     )
    6     ] 2−
    which has cerium in the +four oxidation state.[31] Information technology is used every bit a reagent in oxidimetry.[9]
  • Ceric potassium nitrate K
    2     [Ce(NO
    iii     )
    half dozen     ]     has two different crystal forms, hexagonal and monoclinic. Ho-hum evaporation and crystallization results in the monoclinic form. But fast crystallization results in a mixture of the two shapes. Both of these forms have half dozen nitrate groups connected via two oxygens each to the cerium [Ce(NO
    3     )
    half-dozen     ] 2−
    . The substance is made past dissolving ceric hydroxide in nitric acid with the advisable stoichiometric amount of potassium nitrate. In the hexagonal course the cerium atoms are bundled along a threefold axis. In hexagonal course the potassium ions are surrounded by nine oxygen atoms. These crystals are orange hexagonal shaped plates. Crystal cells contain iii molecules, with a volume of 1063.1Åiii and dimensions of a=13.5737Å c=6.6624Å with a density of 2.767 g/cmiii.[32]

In the monoclinic grade of Yard
2 [Ce(NO
3 )
6 ], the cerium atoms are in a torso centred organization, with potassium surrounded by x oxygen atoms. The density is 2.798 k/cm3 with a cell that contains ii molecules with volume 700.9Å3 and dimensions a = 12.707Å b = 6.6858Å c = viii.253Å and β = 91.55°.[22]

Ceric potassium nitrate likewise has a hydrate with 1.v mols of water.[10]

  • Ceric rubidium nitrate Rb
    2     [Ce(NO
    3     )
    six     ]     is reddish yellow.[x]
  • Ceric caesium nitrate Cs
    2     [Ce(NO
    3     )
    6     ]     is very insoluble in nitric acid and is brilliant xanthous.[10]
  • The thallium double salt cannot be produced because the ceric ion oxidizes thallium(I) to thallium(III).[10]

Divalent metals [edit]

  • Ceric magnesium nitrate Mg[Ce(NO
    3     )
    6     .8H
    2     O]     [x]
  • Ceric zinc nitrate Zn[Ce(NO
    3     )
    half-dozen     .8H
    2     O]     [10]
  • Ceric nickel nitrate Ni[Ce(NO
    iii     )
    half-dozen     .8H
    2     O]     [x]
  • Ceric cobalt nitrate Co[Ce(NO
    three     )
    six     .8H
    2     O]     [10]
  • Ceric manganese nitrate Mn[Ce(NO
    three     )
    6     .8H
    ii     O]     [10]

Other compounds [edit]

  • [Ce6O(OH)8(NO3)6(H2O)16]·(NO3)2·2H2O is a hexanuclear cerium oxido and hydroxido complex. It can be dehydrated to form [Ce6O(OH)eight(NO3)viii].[33]

Proposed application [edit]

Cerium magnesium nitrate (as well known equally cerous magnesium nitrate), is a highly paramagnetic salt, and is a possible refrigerant for apply in magnetic refrigeration.[34]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Garner, J.P.; P.Southward.J. Heppell (2005). "Cerium nitrate in the management of burns". Burns. 31 (five): 539–547. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2005.01.014. ISSN 0305-4179. PMID 15955636.
  2. ^ Wassermann, D.; M. Schlotterer, F. Lebreton, J. Levy, M.C. Guelfi (1989). "Use of topically applied silver sulphadiazine plus cerium nitrate in major burns". Burns. 15 (4): 257–260. doi:10.1016/0305-4179(89)90045-4. ISSN 0305-4179. PMID 2765148. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Latimer, Wendell Grand.; Hildebrand, Joel H. (1951). Reference Book of Inorganic Chemistry (3 ed.). New York: Macmillan. p. 581.
  4. ^ Groth, Paul (1908). Chemische Krystallographie. Vol. 2. Leipzig W. Engelmann. p. 131.
  5. ^ a b Guillou, N.; Auffredic, J.P.; Louër, M.; Louër, D. (1993). "The Crystal Structure of Hydronium Cerium (III) Nitrate Hydrate, Ce(NO3)5(H3O)ii · H2O". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 106 (two): 295–300. Bibcode:1993JSSCh.106..295G. doi:ten.1006/jssc.1993.1289. ISSN 0022-4596.
  6. ^ a b c d e f 1000 Held, P.; H. Hellwig, S. RuÈhle and L. Bohaty; Rühle, S.; Bohatý, L. (24 Jan 2000). "Polar potassium rare earth nitrates Grandtwo[RE(NO3)5(H2O)ii] (RE = La, Ce, Pr and Nd). I. Crystal growth and crystal structures". Journal of Applied Crystallography. 33 (2): 372–379. doi:ten.1107/s0021889800000868. ISSN 0021-8898.
  7. ^ Staritscky, Eugene; Donald I Wlaker (29 August 1952). "Optical Properties of some Compounds of Uranium, Plutonium and Related Elements" (PDF). pp. 20–21. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  8. ^ a b Wylie, A. West. (1951). "338. Extraction of ceric nitrate past solvents". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 1474–1480. doi:x.1039/JR9510001474. ISSN 0368-1769.
  9. ^ a b Smith, G. Frederick; C. A. Getz (1940). "Cerate Oxidimetry". Industrial & Technology Chemical science Analytical Edition. 12 (6): 339–340. doi:10.1021/ac50146a012. ISSN 0096-4484.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j 1000 l Meyer, Richard Jos.; Richard Jacoby (1901). "Die Doppelnitrate des vierwertigen Ceriums und des Thoriums". Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie. 27 (1): 359–389. doi:10.1002/zaac.19010270131. hdl:2027/uc1.b2651462. ISSN 0863-1778.
  11. ^ Guillou, N.; Auffrédic, J.P.; Louër, D. (1994). "Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Behavior of Cerium(4) Oxide Nitrate CetwoO(NOthree)vi(H2O)6 · 2H2O". Periodical of Solid State Chemistry. 112 (1): 45–52. Bibcode:1994JSSCh.112...45G. doi:ten.1006/jssc.1994.1262. ISSN 0022-4596.
  12. ^ Xue, Dongfeng; Siyuan Zhang (1998). "Adding of nonlinearities of K2Ce(NOiii)5• 2HtwoO and Yard2La(NO3)v• 2H2O". Molecular Physics. 93 (3): 411–415. Bibcode:1998MolPh..93..411X. doi:10.1080/002689798169096. ISSN 0026-8976.
  13. ^ Th. Lange, L. (1861). "Ueber einige neue Cerverbindungen". Journal für Praktische Chemie. 82 (1): 129–147. doi:10.1002/prac.18610820119. ISSN 0021-8383.
  14. ^ Fock, A. (1894). "Krystallographisch - chemische Untersuchungen". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 22 (1–6): 29–42. doi:ten.1524/zkri.1894.22.1.29. S2CID 101725643.
  15. ^ Groth, Paul (1908). Chemische Krystallographie. Vol. 2. Leipzig W. Engelmann.
  16. ^ a b c d Jantsch, Grand.; S. Wigdorow (1910). "Zur Kenntnis der Doppelnitrate der seltenen Erden. one. Mitteilung. Über die Doppelnitrate der seltenen Erden mit den Alkalielementen". Zeitschrift für Anorganische Chemie. 69 (i): 221–231. doi:10.1002/zaac.19110690117. ISSN 0863-1778.
  17. ^ Ebbers, C.A.; L.D. DeLoach, Chiliad. Webb, D. Eimerl, S.P. Velsko, D.A. Keszler; Webb, Mark; Eimerl, David; Velsko, Stephan P.; Keszler, Douglas A. (1993). "Nonlinear optical properties of Yard 2La(NO 3)5.2H2O and KiiCe(NOthree) 5.2H2O". IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics. 29 (2): 497–507. Bibcode:1993IJQE...29..497E. doi:10.1109/3.199304. ISSN 0018-9197. {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ a b Najafpour, Mahdi; Przemysław Starynowicz (2006). "Diammonium diaquapentanitratocerate(Iii) dihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 62 (seven): i145–i146. doi:10.1107/S1600536806006593. ISSN 1600-5368.
  19. ^ Nyquist, Richard A.; Kagel, Ronald O. (1972-03-thirty). Handbook of Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic Compounds and Organic Salts: Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds. Academic Press. pp. 146–147. ISBN9780080878522 . Retrieved 8 February 2014.
  20. ^ a b c "Cerous nitrate, Ce(NO3)3". 2012. Retrieved 8 Feb 2014.
  21. ^ Sun, Qiaozhen; Feng Zheng; Xiaodan Sun; Wei Wang (2008). "Bis{iv-[(4H-ane,2,4-triazol-4-yl)iminomethyl]pyridinium} diaquapentanitratocerate(Three)". Acta Crystallographica Department E. 65 (ane): m124. doi:x.1107/S1600536808043109. ISSN 1600-5368. PMC2968024. PMID 21581488.
  22. ^ a b c d Guillou, Northward.; Auffrédic, J.P.; Louër, D. (1995). "Cerous Potassium Nitrate, G3Ceii(NO3)9". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 51 (six): 1032–1034. doi:10.1107/S0108270194014939. ISSN 0108-2701.
  23. ^ "Crystal Structure of Diammonium diaquapentanitratocerate(3) dihydrate". crystallography-online.com.
  24. ^ Audebrand, N (1996). "Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction and crystal structure of CeRbii(NO3)5 · 4HiiO". Solid State Ionics. 84 (3–4): 323–333. doi:10.1016/0167-2738(96)00082-3. ISSN 0167-2738.
  25. ^ 陈达贵; 程文旦; 张浩; 张永春 (16 September 2004). "Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Spectral Properties of [Ce(NOthree)5(H2O)2]·two(Hphen)·(HtwoO)". Chinese Journal of Structural Chemical science 结构化学. 23 (eight). doi:10.3969/j.issn.0254-5861.2004.08.006.
  26. ^ Bertinat, Chiliad. P.; D. F. Brewer; J. P. Harrison (1970). "Surface expanse of powdered cerous magnesium nitrate". Journal of Low Temperature Physics. ii (i): 157–160. Bibcode:1970JLTP....2..157B. doi:10.1007/BF00628109. ISSN 0022-2291. S2CID 98479942.
  27. ^ Abel, W.; A. Anderson; Westward. Black; J. Wheatley (1966). "Thermal Equilibrium Betwixt Liquid He^{3} and Powdered Cerium Magnesium Nitrate at Very Low Temperatures". Physical Review Letters. 16 (seven): 273–275. Bibcode:1966PhRvL..16..273A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.sixteen.273. ISSN 0031-9007.
  28. ^ Audebrand, Nathalie; Louër, Daniel (2000). "Cerous sodium nitrate monohydrate, NatwoCe(NO3)5·H2O". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 56 (8): 913–915. doi:10.1107/S0108270100006211. ISSN 0108-2701. PMID 10944270.
  29. ^ Guillou, N.; Auffrédic, J.P.; Louër, D. (1996). "Thermal Behavior and Crystal Structure of Ceric and Cerous Rubidium Nitrates". Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 122 (i): 59–67. Bibcode:1996JSSCh.122...59G. doi:ten.1006/jssc.1996.0082. ISSN 0022-4596.
  30. ^ Roser, M.; L. Corruccini (1990). "Magnetic susceptibilities of rare-earth ions in an unusual tetrahedral site". Physical Review B. 41 (iv): 2359–2368. Bibcode:1990PhRvB..41.2359R. doi:ten.1103/PhysRevB.41.2359. ISSN 0163-1829. PMID 9993972.
  31. ^ Thomas A. Beineke; J. Delgaudio (1968). "Crystal structure of ceric ammonium nitrate". Inorg. Chem. seven (4): 715–721. doi:ten.1021/ic50062a020.
  32. ^ Guillou, Northward.; Louër, M.; Auffrédic, J.P.; Louër, D. (1995). "Two Polymorphic Forms of Ceric Potassium Nitrate, Grand2Ce(NO3)6". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 51 (half-dozen): 1029–1032. doi:x.1107/S0108270194014927. ISSN 0108-2701.
  33. ^ Calvez, Guillaume; Carole Daiguebonne; Olivier Guillou; Florence Le Dret (2009). "A New Series of Anhydrous Lanthanide-Based Octahedral Hexanuclear Complexes". European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2009 (21): 3172–3178. doi:10.1002/ejic.200900283. ISSN 1434-1948.
  34. ^ Vlasov, A; Guillemette, J; Gervais, 1000; Szkopek, T (2017). "Magnetic refrigeration with paramagnetic semiconductors at cryogenic temperatures". arXiv:1706.00458 [cond-mat.mes-hall]. For comparison, a commonly used paramagnetic table salt for magnetic cryo-refrigeration is cerous magnesium nitrate hydrate ...
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Salts and covalent derivatives of the nitrate ion

Chemical Formula For Rubidium Nitride,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium_nitrates

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